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sica-fondt/knowledge/cyber-skills/skills/exploiting-active-directory-certificate-services-esc1/references/standards.md
Claude 24f816b6a3
Consolidate 22 sibling repos into layered organism structure 
Place useful parts of the surrounding repos into sica-fondt by layer, per the
body model (Ada = membrane; brain/endocrine/capabilities/knowledge non-Ada):

- brain/        LLM reasoning + providers (dapr, hermes, MoMoA)
- capabilities/ REPRAG sidecars: hermes tools/skills, dapr tools, parallel
                dispatch, A51 channels, and the OSINT cluster
- knowledge/    LORAG corpus: 754 cyber-skills, agency personas, secure-coding,
                MITRE ATT&CK data
- reference/    defensive threat-reference (C3, shhbruh doc) + AdaYaml parser

License handling: AGPL sources (worldosint, advanced_evolution, mercury,
Reticulum) and GPL DeTTECT are SPEC-only clean-room/port descriptions — no
copyleft code copied. MIT/Apache/data parts copied as working trees.

Safety: shhbruh escape/persistence material and C3 covert-C2 kept as reference
only, not wired into the running organism. See CONSOLIDATION.md.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01UehUqEXXJJCsHoA4voCU5c
2026-06-10 06:53:01 +00:00

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Standards and References - AD CS ESC1 Exploitation

MITRE ATT&CK References

Technique ID Name Tactic
T1649 Steal or Forge Authentication Certificates Credential Access
T1558.001 Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets: Golden Ticket Credential Access
T1078.002 Valid Accounts: Domain Accounts Initial Access, Persistence
T1484 Domain Policy Modification Defense Evasion
T1087.002 Account Discovery: Domain Account Discovery

Key Research

  • SpecterOps "Certified Pre-Owned" whitepaper by Will Schroeder and Lee Christensen (2021)
  • CrowdStrike: Investigating Active Directory Certificate Services Abuse: ESC1
  • BeyondTrust: ESC1 Attack - How to Detect and Mitigate
  • Semperis: ESC1 Attack Explained
  • HackTricks: AD CS Domain Escalation

CVE References

  • ESC1 is a misconfiguration, not a specific CVE
  • Related: CVE-2022-26923 (Certifried) - AD CS machine account certificate abuse

Remediation Standards

  • Microsoft KB5014754: Certificate-based authentication changes
  • CISA Alert: Securing AD CS deployments
  • CIS Benchmark: AD CS hardening guidelines